In the bacterial world of your mouth, nurture wins out over nature

Saturday, October 13, 2012

The human mouth is home to a teeming community of microbes, yet still relatively little is known about what determines the specific types of microorganisms that live there. Is it your genes that decide who lives in the microbial village, or is it your environment? In a study published online in Genome Research (www.genome.org), researchers have shown that environment plays a much larger role in determining oral microbiota than expected, a finding that sheds new light on a major factor in oral health.

Our oral microbiome begins to take shape as soon as we are born and sees a myriad of bacteria introduced to our mouth during childhood and later in life, yet little is known about whether nature (your genes) or nurture (your environment) has a stronger influence. Because of variations in the oral microbiome in both health and diseases like bacteremia and endocarditis, understanding the determinants of oral microbiota communities might lead to better prevention and treatment strategies.

In this study, a team of researchers from the University of Colorado sequenced the microbial DNA present in the saliva samples of a cohort of twins, and matched the DNA sequences in a database to determine which types of bacteria were present in each individual. In their data set, they utilized samples that were gathered over a decade of adolescence from the same individuals to observe how the salivary microbiome changes with time.

By comparing the salivary microbiomes of identical twins, who share the same genetic make-up and live in a common environment, the group found that their salivary microbiomes were not significantly more similar than the salivary microbiota of fraternal twins, who share only half of their genes, suggesting genetic relatedness is not as important as environment. "The conclusion that genetic relatedness plays at most only a small role in microbial relatedness was really a surprise," said Dr. Ken Krauter, senior author of the study.

"We were also intrigued to see that the microbiota of twin pairs becomes less similar once they moved apart from each other," added Simone Stahringer, first author of the study, explaining further evidence for the influence of environment on oral microbiota. Interestingly, in the samples obtained from the same individuals over time, they found that the salivary microbiome changed the most during early adolescence, between the ages of 12 and 17. This suggests that factors such as puberty or prominent behavioral changes at this age might be important.

Krauter explained that their work uncovered another unexpected finding, that there is a core community of bacteria that are present in nearly all humans studied. "Though there are definitely differences among different people, there is a relatively high degree of sharing similar microbial species in all human mouths."

The authors suggested that this report has established a framework for future studies of the factors that influence oral microbial communities. "With broad knowledge of the organisms to expect to find in mouths," said Krauter, "we can now better understand how oral hygiene, environmental exposure to substances like alcohol, methamphetamines and even foods we eat affect the balance of microbes."

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Stahringer SS, Clemente JC, Corley RP, Hewitt J, Knights D, Walters WA, Knight R, Krauter KS. Nurture trumps nature in a longitudinal survey of salivary bacterial communities in twins from early adolescence to early adulthood. Genome Res doi: 10.1101/gr.140608.112.

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory: http://www.cshl.org

Thanks to Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory for this article.

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/124444/In_the_bacterial_world_of_your_mouth__nurture_wins_out_over_nature

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Guest lineups for the Sunday news shows

WASHINGTON (AP) ? Guest lineups for the Sunday TV news shows:

ABC's "This Week" ? Sen. Rob Portman, R-Ohio; Delaware Attorney General Beau Biden; former House Speaker Newt Gingrich.

___

NBC's "Meet the Press" ? Gov. Bob McDonnell, R-Va.; Atlanta Mayor Kasim Reed; former Gov. Jennifer Granholm, D-Mich.

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CBS' "Face the Nation" ? Reps. Darrell Issa, R-Calif., and Elijah Cummings, D-Md.; Sen. Lindsey Graham, R-S.C.

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CNN's "State of the Union" ? Robert Gibbs, adviser to President Barack Obama's re-election campaign; Rep. Debbie Wasserman Schultz, D-Fla., and Al Cardenas, former Florida Republican Party chairman.

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"Fox News Sunday" ? David Axelrod, adviser to the Obama campaign; Ed Gillespie, adviser to Mitt Romney's campaign.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/guest-lineups-sunday-news-shows-183815643.html

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Measure 79 and real estate transfer tax: Friday business roundup ...

Real Estate: Elliot Njus breaks down Oregon Measure 79, which would constitutionally prohibit taxes on real estate transfers. Specifically, Measure 79 asks voters whether the state constitution should prohibit the state, and its local governments, from imposing a tax on real estate that would kick in when a property is sold or transferred.

Here are other stories to check out from the business desk of The Oregonian:

Economy: Molly Young talked with Atlanta Fed Chief David Altig, who says The Federal Reserve's role may not be to fix the economy but rather to keep it from growing worse.

Tech: Mike Rogoway reports that OVP Venture Partners, once the biggest and most active venture capital firm in Oregon, is shutting down. Founded in 1983, OVP has invested $750 million overall in more than 130 companies -- many of them in the Northwest.

Hillsboro: Andrew Theen profiles Truth Custom Drums, a small biz tucked away in a Beaverton business park that ships specially designed drum kits across the United States and to distributors around the globe.

Separately, Theen reports that the Westside Medical Center has attracted much attention from the community.

Retail: From investigative reporting to analysis and features, Laura Gunderson does it all. Her latest blog post for "Hitting the Mall" checks out what's going on in Westfield.

Separately, Gunderson reports that Zupan's Markets has a made a major donation to Legacy Emmanuel.

Source: http://www.oregonlive.com/business/index.ssf/2012/10/measure_79_and_real_estate_tra.html

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Meet Newcomer Devon Carter | Lehigh Sports Forum

Lehigh Hoops Nation, as part of the continuing effort to get everyone prepared and ready for the ?12-?13 edition of Lehigh Basketball, was fortunate enough to chat with freshman guard Devon Carter in an attempt to help introduce him to Mountain Hawk fans.

What is your earliest basketball memory?

Playing basketball at Gunning Park Recreation Center on the West Side of Cleveland, Ohio. I was seven years old and I was playing with the older guys and holding my own.?I knew then that the game of basketball was something I wanted to pursue.

Where do the athletic genes come from?

I get my physical frame and the way I play the game from my father.?He is the main reason I am the player I am today. The way I think and my positive attitude is from my mother.?I use both aspects of who I am to help me produce on the court.

Was it always a dream of yours to play college basketball?

I originally started playing baseball, and was in my opinion, a prodigy.?But when my father put a basketball in my hand for the first time, I fell in love with the game and left baseball alone to focus on basketball.

Why did you decide to come to Lehigh and was there one specific moment or event where everything clicked and made you realize that LU was where you were going to go to college?

I chose Lehigh because it fit the three things I looked for in a college.?It was a great academic school, it gave me a good basketball opportunity and it was an excellent personality fit.?It all clicked when I talked to C.J. McCollum on my official visit and he genuinely told me how good the school was and I felt like I could relate to his opinion because he is from around the same place that I am (about 40 minutes away).

What NBA player best describes your style of play?

The Indiana Pacer Ron Artest because he played like a bulldog and that?s what Coach sees my role being on the team this year.

What part of your game have you been working on the most since your John Hay season ended last spring?

My defense and my hustle activity has been my main focus because that is the way I get my minutes this year.

Talk a bit about your AAU team, a well-known team named after a certain first time NBA Champion in LeBron James (King James Shooting Stars), what was your experience like suiting up for such a great program? Any LBJ encounters or stories?

Being a part of King James was special.?It put me in an elite group that I am proud to be a part of. We went all across the country and I must admit, we did look the best and obtained a lot of LeBron gear.

You got to campus well before the majority of your classmates, as you enrolled in summer school to take a class and workout with LU players and coaches, what was that experience like?

The summer experience was unique.?It started out extremely tough because the college life was new to me, but once I got used to it, I felt as if I had an edge on my classmates and an extra couple of months of ?college? basketball was also another positive.

How has it been meeting your fellow freshman basketball teammates, in Jesse and Justin? All teammates? ?

It doesn?t get any better than my teammates.?I have already gained a relationship with each one of them and we have been doing great. I have yet to have a problem with any of them.?They are supportive and I feel like the little brother of the team.

What goals do you have for yourself in your first season?

My main goal this season is getting and staying on the court.?Whatever I have to do to make this happen, I will do.?This includes staying eligible in the classroom, and being that ?bulldog? coach wants me to be.

Tell us about DC off the court?

Off the court, I try to have as much fun as possible.?I hate being bored so I do whatever I can to stay active and alive!

?

Special thanks to Devon for taking the time, appreciate it DC!

LHN

Source: http://www.lehighsportsforum.com/meet-newcomer-devon-carter/

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Veteran pol expected to prevail in Montenegro vote

PODGORICA, Montenegro (AP) ? A politician who has ruled Montenegro as president, prime minister and behind-the-scenes power broker could end up leading his country again, if the polls about this weekend's election are correct.

If Milo Djukanovic and his coalition prevail, he could serve as this tiny Balkan nation's prime minister again and continue its push for EU membership, despite an economic downturn.

This week's latest poll said Djukanovic's European Montenegro coalition is expected to win nearly half of the 81 seats in parliament in Sunday's vote, making it one of the few governments in Europe to survive a vote during the region's economic crisis.

The main opposition Democratic Front stands to gain some 20 percent of the vote, according to the survey by the Podgorica-based Center for Democracy and Human Rights. The margin of error was 3 percent.

Djukanovic and his coalition have ruled Montenegro since the late 1980s, first in alliance with Serbia's strongman Slobodan Milosevic, then as his toughest opposition.

Montenegro is a small, mountainous country of 625,000 people in southeastern Europe with one coast on the Adriatic Sea.

Djukanovic, 50, served as its prime minister ? the top job? and as president while steering Montenegro to independence from Serbia in 2006 and toward opening European Union accession talks this year.

Although he formally resigned and handed over the premiership to a crony in 2010, Djukanovic ? the youngest prime minister in Europe at the age of 29 in 1991 ? has continued to rule the country from behind the scenes and to remain at the helm of his Democratic Party of Socialists. He is widely expected to become prime minister again, if his coalition wins Sunday.

During campaigning, Djukanovic has played a nationalist card, urging Montenegro's more than half a million voters to let him cement the country's statehood and take it into the EU and NATO.

"The stakes are high," he told the voters at a recent rally. "After six years of independence, our statehood is still fragile and we still need to strengthen it. We can't give our country to those who were against its independence."

Milos Besic of the Center for Democracy and Human Rights said that "no doubt Djukanovic's popularity and charisma are still at a high level," despite the economic crisis and widespread accusations by opposition and some international groups that he and his family have been involved in corruption and links with organized crime.

Djukanovic has repeatedly rejected such allegations, including an investigation by Italian prosecutors who had suspected his government of a multimillion-dollar cigarette smuggling operation during international sanctions imposed on Milosevic-led Yugoslavia in the 1990s' because of the Serbian strongman's warmongering policies.

Djukanovic's most serious opponent this weekend is Miodrag Lekic, a former diplomat and an associate turned foe.

"By insisting on national and other divisions, Djukanovic has tried to avoid real problems," Lekic said, describing Montenegro as "a country of captured institutions, where some individuals and groups behave as if they were outside of the legal system."

Montenegro has faced an economic downturn following a boom in the first years after the independence. Currently, unemployment officially stands at more than 12 percent, while the average salary is around ?480 ($622) per month.

In this week's progress report, the EU praised Montenegro's reforms, but added that more needs to be done to strengthen the rule of law, judicial independence and fight against crime and corruption.

Even though it lags far behind the ruling coalition, Lekic's Democratic Front hopes to forge a post-election coalition with smaller opposition groups to counter Djukanovic. The pro-Serb Socialist People's Party is slated to win nearly 15 percent of the vote, and a newcomer, Positive Montenegro, could garner about 10 percent.

____

Jovana Gec and Dusan Stojanovic from Belgrade, Serbia, contributed.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/veteran-pol-expected-prevail-montenegro-vote-145822964.html

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Arts and Entertainment: Create Animation Video Which Makes Your ...

promote their products. Promoting a product through videos is today the best option around. They can give the optimum result utilizing the least resources.

Animation videos, unlike general videos, have the following characteristics:

Short, crisp and convincing: General videos are not only long but also fail to generate a uniform amount of curiosity for the whole duration they are played. At one point they are convincing, while at the other their effect goes down tremendously. This doesn't happen with animated videos which are short, sharp, crisp and convincing. Being short they are able to hold the attention of viewers for the whole duration they are played. An online video maker deliberately makes them short. They do this to let the viewers get engaged to them thoroughly and to make the video attention grabbing for their whole duration.

Technology: General videos don't use animation technology, whereas animated videos are primarily known for using it. Animation technology helps to propagate a video and its message faster. They make the best use of cartoon characters, who work as real actors in a video and thus make the video move ahead.

Quick popularity: General videos lack the basic and essential element in them. That is, they can't be shared by anyone even if one likes them. A character based video has the possibility of going viral within the moment of its release.

Life wise: General videos, unlike animation videos, are made to run for a fixed period of time irrespective of whether they are popular or not. This results into a shorter life span of general videos. Animated videos on the other hand are evergreen, they can be played as many times as one wishes.

To effectively advertise products create animation video which is professionally complete in all respects. Animation video can do what other means of advertisements cannot.

Source: http://1artsandentertainment.blogspot.com/2012/10/create-animation-video-which-makes-your.html

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